By john Industrial policy has reemerged as a core element of foreign policy as nations seek to secure supply chains, reduce economic slot gacor slot777 vulnerability, and strengthen technological competitiveness. During the late 20th century, globalization encouraged states to outsource production. Today, geopolitical tensions, trade disruptions, and technological competition have driven countries toward reshoring, subsidies, and strategic investment controls.
Major powers—including the United States, China, the European Union, and Japan—are competing to dominate sectors such as semiconductors, renewable energy, pharmaceuticals, and electric vehicles. Foreign policy tools like export controls, investment screening mechanisms, and technology-transfer regulations are increasingly tied to industrial strategies.
Industrial diplomacy also shapes international alliances. Countries with complementary capacities form technology partnerships, supply chain agreements, and joint research platforms. Meanwhile, developing nations weigh offers from rival powers seeking to secure access to critical minerals or manufacturing bases.
This shift toward state-led industrial strategies has global implications. It may enhance national resilience but risks fragmenting global markets and intensifying geopolitical competition. As industrial policy becomes more intertwined with foreign policy, nations must balance competitiveness with stable international economic relations.